In 1973, artist Judy Chicago, graphic designer Sheila Levrant de Bretteville, and art historian Arlene Raven founded the Feminist Studio Workshop (FSW), which was the first independent school for women artists. The FSW focused on the development of artmaking skills (in visual arts, performance, etc), but also on the development of women's identity and sensibility, and the translation into their artwork.” The school organized, sponsored and fostered numerous programs, activities, and artists' groups “including protests of major museums for their exclusion of women artists, the opening of gallery spaces dedicated to the work of women, the founding of the first feminist art education programs... and the first large scale public feminist art installation, Womanhouse.”